Excavation Unit E was a 5-x-5-ft square situated east of Unit B along
the south edge of the north wall. It was placed to include a possible extension
of
the convento's east wall. Faunal recovery in E only accounts for six
percent (n=46) of the Phase I total. Of that number, 13 percent (n=6) shows
evidence of butchering. The material was spread through every level
and, as in the previous four units, differed very little in the animals
recovered
between the upper and lower levels. The lowest level excavated concluded
at a depth of 54 inches.
The low recovery in Unit E produced the remains of only three domestic
food animals and two wild ones: cow, goat, chicken, squirrel, and catfish.
Two rodents, one a roof rat (Rattus rattus) and the other not identified,
were also found. The squirrel (Sciurus niger) is the only one recovered
in
Phase I excavations. Levels in Unit E at 39 inches and in E-l at 18-24
inches contained the most identifiable genera (three each).
Phase II
Phase II excavations at the Alamo north wall also produced a large and
well-preserved collection of faunal material (Tables A-4, A-5, and A-6).
The
two units opened, extensions of Phase I units A and E, yielded 458
bones and bone fragments, of which 97 exhibited butchering marks. Unit
EII was
established west and north of Unit E from Phase I to further expose
features noted in the latter. Likewise, Unit AII was an expansion of A,
opened
about three feet to the west. The stratigraphy of EII was complex as
it crossed several buried structural features. AII was much simpler, resembling
AI
in its stratigraphic structure.
Unit AII
As with Unit A, Unit AII produced the largest count of faunal remains
and animals identified; however, the faunal list from AII differs from
A. The
differences suggest that, despite being stratigraphically similar in
composition, they may represent different periods of bone deposition. Identified
animals in AII are represented by five types of domestic animals, two
kinds of rodents, and eight wild genera. No unit of Phase I produced more
wild
than domestic animals.
AII resembles all other Phase I and Phase II units in the presence of
goats, cows, dogs, chickens, and turkeys. It differs from all Phase I units
except
E in lacking identified pig remains. More striking in difference is
the presence of two aquatic species other than catfish: alligator and soft-shell
turtle.
Soft-shell turtles are still abundant in Texas rivers, but the presence
of an alligator is today a rarity beyond the coastal bend. Conant (1975:35),
however, lists central Texas as within the original range of the reptile.
The presence of a river otter (Lutra canadensis) was also unexpected, though
its
pre-European range was also into central Texas. The only duck and opossum
represented in either Phase I or Phase II occurred in AII.
AII closely resembles A in the butcher-marked element category. Vertebrae
are the most commonly damaged elements (n = 18) followed by ribs (n=
14) and long bones (n= 13), a distribution similar to the numbers from
Phase I, A and B. Butchered pelvic elements are more common in AII than
any
other unit from either phase. About 19 percent of the bones from AII
(n=55) exhibit butchering marks This percentage is greater than that from
any
units except EII and C. Considering the disturbed deposits in C, butchered
bones in AII exceed all but EII as a percentage of the total level recovery.